<\/p>\n\n\n\n
L\u00eanin l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i, nh\u00e0 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ki\u1ec7t xu\u1ea5t, l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 l\u1ed7i l\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a giai c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi; ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n chuy\u1ec3n sang giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a; ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc X\u00f4 Vi\u1ebft – Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng n\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Li\u00ean X\u00f4 b\u1eaft tay v\u00e0o x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c.<\/em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n V.I.L\u00eanin, t\u00ean th\u1eadt l\u00e0 Vladimir Ilits Ulianov, sinh ng\u00e0y 22\/4\/1870, \u1edf Simbirsk (nay l\u00e0 Ulianovsk), trong m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9. L\u00eanin m\u1ea5t ng\u00e0y 21\/01\/1924, t\u1ea1i l\u00e0ng Gorki, Moskva, thi h\u00e0i L\u00eanin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1ea1i l\u0103ng \u1edf Qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ecf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n L\u00eanin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Time (M\u1ef9) b\u00ecnh ch\u1ecdn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong 100 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ngay khi c\u00f2n \u00edt tu\u1ed5i, qua gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n, L\u00eanin \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9, c\u0103m gh\u00e9t ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i Nga ho\u00e0ng. N\u0103m 18 tu\u1ed5i, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a C.M\u00e1c, Ph.\u0102ngghen, G.V.Pl\u00eakhan\u1ed1p v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tham gia c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e1cx\u00edt. N\u0103m 1891, L\u00eanin t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p ng\u00e0nh Lu\u1eadt, tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Petersburg v\u00e0 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1893 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u00f3m m\u00e1cx\u00edt \u1edf Saint Petersburg. N\u0103m 1894, L\u00eanin v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ea3ng X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 Nga. T\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5y, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ngNga.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a L\u00eanin v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng phong ph\u00fa. L\u00eanin l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga; chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c cho vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Nga – ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n B\u00f4ns\u00eav\u00edch Nga, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea3ng v\u00f4 s\u1ea3n ki\u1ec3u m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o giai c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Nga l\u00e0m n\u00ean cu\u1ed9c C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Th\u00e1ng M\u01b0\u1eddi v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u1edf Li\u00ean bang X\u00f4 Vi\u1ebft; l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c t\u1eeb l\u00fd lu\u1eadn tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7nth\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Sau C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Th\u00e1ng M\u01b0\u1eddi, L\u00eanin \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u00f4ns\u00eav\u00edch v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng Nga \u0111\u1ea5u tranh th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i ch\u1ed1ng th\u00f9 trong, gi\u1eb7c ngo\u00e0i, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng n\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. L\u00eanin l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng, k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u1edf Li\u00ean bang X\u00f4 Vi\u1ebft, trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch kinh t\u1ebf m\u1edbi(NEP).<\/p>\n\n\n\n L\u00eanin l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh cho ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u00f4 s\u1ea3n, th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n (Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf III) \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o phong tr\u00e0o c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p m\u1ecdi l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c v\u00e0o gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a giai c\u1ea5p v\u00f4 s\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n L\u00eanin \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c th\u00e0nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a; \u0111\u1ec1 ra nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u0129nh c\u1ee7a giai c\u1ea5p v\u00f4 s\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c; coi phong tr\u00e0o gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u00f4 s\u1ea3n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi; ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c h\u1eb9p h\u00f2i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a s\u00f4 vanh n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn. Kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a M\u00e1c \u201cV\u00f4 s\u1ea3n to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi li\u00ean hi\u1ec7p l\u1ea1i\u201d \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c L\u00eanin ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh \u201cV\u00f4 s\u1ea3n to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c b\u1ecb \u00e1p b\u1ee9c \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebftl\u1ea1i!\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n D\u01b0\u1edbi ng\u1ecdn c\u1edd c\u1ee7a L\u00eanin, Li\u00ean bang C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a X\u00f4 Vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh; ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ph\u00e1t x\u00edt b\u1ecb ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t; c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c b\u1ecb \u00e1p b\u1ee9c v\u00f9ng l\u00ean gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, l\u00e0m cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c tan r\u00e3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u00ean tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a L\u00eanin \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3i bi\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX \u0111\u1ebfn nay. \u0110\u00fang nh\u01b0 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft: \u201cL\u00eanin l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u00f4 s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng b\u1eb1ng l\u00fd lu\u1eadn c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng khoa h\u1ecdc nh\u1ea5t, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng cao c\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, L\u00eanin \u0111\u00e3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n b\u1ecb b\u1eaft, b\u1ecb t\u00f9 \u0111\u00e0y, b\u1ecb tr\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t ra n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, b\u1ecb m\u01b0u s\u00e1t, nh\u01b0ng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e1ng ng\u1eddi v\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ea7n c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng ki\u00ean trung, v\u1ec1 \u00fd ch\u00ed quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng giai c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng cao c\u1ea3, v\u1ec1 l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb, trong s\u00e1ng, g\u1ea7n g\u0169i nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n L\u00eanin l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i, nh\u00e0 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ki\u1ec7t xu\u1ea5t, l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 l\u1ed7i l\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a giai c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi; ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n chuy\u1ec3n sang giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a; ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc X\u00f4 Vi\u1ebft – Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng n\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Li\u00ean X\u00f4 b\u1eaft tay v\u00e0o x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n L\u00eanin \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p l\u1edbn lao cho s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng giai c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c, \u0111\u1ea5u tranh cho h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Di s\u1ea3n L\u00eanin \u0111\u1ec3l\u1ea1i cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng to l\u1edbn tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n ho\u1ea1t\u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00fd lu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u1ec1 di s\u1ea3n t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00fd lu\u1eadn, L\u00eanin l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebf t\u1ee5c, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc, to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c c\u1ea3 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, kinh t\u1ebf ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb h\u1ecdc m\u00e1cx\u00edt v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i khoa h\u1ecdc trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch khoa h\u1ecdc, thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u l\u00fd lu\u1eadn sai l\u1ea7m, nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1i \u201cd\u00e2n t\u00fay\u201d Nga, ph\u00e1i \u201cm\u00e1cx\u00edt h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p\u201d, khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u201ct\u1ea3\u201d khuynh, \u201ch\u1eefu\u201d khuynh trong ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e0o c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i, x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i\u2026 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi b\u1ed5 sung, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec1u lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u1edf th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a C.M\u00e1c v\u00e0 Ph.\u0102ngghen, th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1eb7t ra, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c L\u00eanin t\u00ecm ra c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c\u2026 Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi lu\u00f4n xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb linh h\u1ed3n s\u1ed1ng, b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u1eeb th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ed5 sung, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a L\u00eanin \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf ra nh\u1eefng ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi m\u1edbi, soi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Trong h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e3 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac khi \u0111\u1ecdc t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u201cS\u01a1 th\u1ea3o l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadn c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a L\u00eanin\u201d. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i: \u201cCh\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a L\u00eanin \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u201cc\u1ea9m nang\u201d th\u1ea7n k\u1ef3, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng l\u00e0 c\u00e1i kim ch\u1ec9 nam, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi soi s\u00e1ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00fang ta \u0111i t\u1edbi th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, \u0111i t\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n\u201d. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i theo L\u00eanin, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111em ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c-L\u00eanin v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng tr\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c- L\u00eanin, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, nh\u01b0 C\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u0129nh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i (b\u1ed5 sung, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u0103m 2011) t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft, \u0110\u1ea3ng ta \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m n\u0103m 1945, \u0111\u1eadp tan \u00e1ch th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n, phong ki\u1ebfn, l\u1eadp n\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a, \u0111\u01b0a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ta ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, t\u1ef1 do; th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec9nh cao l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean Ph\u1ee7 n\u0103m1954, \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eafng m\u00f9a Xu\u00e2n n\u0103m 1975, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c, l\u00e0m tr\u00f2n ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf; th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a, hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 90 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c-L\u00eanin n\u00f3i chung, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00fd lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a L\u00eanin n\u00f3i ri\u00eang \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang b\u1ecb c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch \u0111i\u00ean cu\u1ed3ng ch\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1 b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 ch\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1 \u0111i\u00ean cu\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch c\u00e0ng ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf tinh th\u1ea7n khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00eanin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n D\u00f9 hi\u1ec7n nay tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, sau s\u1ef1 tan r\u00e3 \u1edf Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecf ra hoang mang, dao \u0111\u1ed9ng, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed t\u1eeb b\u1ecf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00fd lu\u1eadnc\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c-L\u00eanin, nh\u01b0ng tinh th\u1ea7n khoa h\u1ecdc, t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c-L\u00eanin v\u1eabn c\u00f2n m\u00e3i trong tr\u00e1i tim, kh\u1ed1i \u00f3c c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebfgi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110i\u1ec1u kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c n\u0103m 1927: \u201cB\u00e2y gi\u1edd h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a nhi\u1ec1u, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn nh\u1ea5t, c\u00e1ch m\u1ec7nh nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a L\u00eanin\u201d ng\u00e0y nay v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nguy\u00ean gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Theo t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea5u tranhc\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng, nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t trong h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a L\u00eanin l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec b\u00e1c b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u1eabn gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ng\u00e0ynay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n L\u00eanin \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i xa, nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn l\u00e0 t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e1ng ng\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, noi theo; t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, l\u00fd lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn s\u1ed1ng m\u00e3i c\u00f9ngth\u1eddi gian, l\u00e0 ng\u1ecdn c\u1edd c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng soi s\u00e1ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng giai c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9ctr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebfgi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u00fang nh\u01b0 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft: \u201cKhi c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 cha, th\u1ea7y h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Ng\u00e0y nay, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 ng\u00f4i sao s\u00e1ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho ch\u00fang ta \u0111i t\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n BAN TUY\u00caN GI\u00c1O TRUNG \u01af\u01a0NG<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" L\u00eanin l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i, nh\u00e0 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ki\u1ec7t xu\u1ea5t, l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 l\u1ed7i l\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a giai c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi; ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n chuy\u1ec3n sang giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a; ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc X\u00f4 Vi\u1ebft – Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng n\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Li\u00ean X\u00f4 b\u1eaft tay v\u00e0o x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c. V.I.L\u00eanin, t\u00ean th\u1eadt l\u00e0 Vladimir Ilits Ulianov, sinh ng\u00e0y 22\/4\/1870,\u2026<\/p>\n